Selectivity and feeding behavior of Saanen goats subjected to three nutritional levels

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of selective feeding habits on the quality of the ingested diet and the effect of feed restriction on the selectivity and behavior of goats in feedlots. Differences were found only in the amount of feed given to the animals, with a difference in the amount of feed rejected as a function of the nutritional level. Higher levels of orts were measured for those animals that received the ad libitum diet. For the composition of orts, differences were measured only in the ether extract fraction. Animals fed the ad libitum diet increased their intake of ether extract and energy, crude fiber, neutral detergent fiber, and acid detergent fiber. Thus, they had a preference for consuming the fibrous and energetic portions of the diet to the detriment of the mineral matter. The granulometry influenced the leftovers for the male and female treatments only in the diet that contained the 2.00- and 0.063-mm sized particles, with larger leftovers for the females. There were statistical differences as a function of feeding level for time spent in rumination, with stereotypical behavior, and in time spent standing up or lying down. As a function of sex, the differences were the same variables, including the time spent with agonistic behavior. Animals that received the ad libitum diet had a greater gain and final weight, whereas the animals that received the 60% restricted diet had the lowest performance, as did the females. Feed restriction changed the natural feeding behavior of goats, with smaller feed particles preferred. The feed restriction and sex also influenced the time spent on nonproductive activities, and the animals became more restless, with females having a higher social behavior than males

Dietary Pattern and Macronutrients Profile on the Variation of Inflammatory Biomarkers: Scientific Update

It is known that the dietary pattern and macronutrients profile may influence the expression and secretion of inflammatory biomarkers, and the low-grade inflammation is associated with the manifestation of noncommunicable chronic diseases. Therefore, this review aimed to present and discuss the role of dietary patterns and macronutrients on the variation of inflammatory markers related to NCD risk. Scientific evidences within the last five years based on clinical trials, case-controls, cohorts, and cross-sectional studies indicate that normocaloric, carbohydrate-moderated, low-glycemic index, protein-moderated, monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acid-rich, omega-3, and low-saturated fat diets display positive effects on the inflammatory state, both in healthy individuals and in those with cardiovascular risk, although the second group seems to benefit more from changes in the dietary profile

Respostas fisiológicas e enzimáticas no milho sob diferentes concentrações de nitrogênio

The study of chemical and biochemical aspects associated with the development of different plant parts enables the assessment of a series of reactions leading to the production of biomass and grain culture. Thus, the objective of was to study the difference in nitrogen efficiency in roots and shoots of two corn genotypes in the initial stages of plants growth, and evaluate the biochemical and physiological responses of these organs, when plants are subjected to different doses of N, under hydroponic conditions. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse in nutrient solution for 20 days, with two genotypes (AS1522 and AS1596) subjected to four N concentrations (zero, 112, 224 and 448 mg dm-3). Completely randomized desing with three replications das apply. The major differences among genotypes for biometric variables, dry matter, N accumulation and free amino acids were observed in the shoots. At root, the activity of nitrate reductase activity was the variable that stood out and provided the largest differences between genotypes. The genotype AS1596 is more efficient in N utilization.O estudo de aspectos químicos e bioquímicos associados ao desenvolvimento das diferentes partes das plantas permite a observação e o entendimento de uma série de reações que levam à produção de fitomassa e grãos pela cultura de milho. Assim, objetivou-se estudar a diferença na eficiência de uso do nitrogênio nas raízes e parte aérea em dois genótipos de milho, na fase inicial de crescimento das plantas e avaliar as respostas bioquímico-fisiológicas desses órgãos quando as plantas são submetidas a distintas doses de N em condições hidropônicas. O experimento foi realizado em casa de vegetação, em solução nutritiva por 20 dias, com dois genótipos (AS1522 e AS1596) submetidos a quatro concentrações de N (zero; 112; 224 e 448 mg dm-3). O delineamento utilizado foi em inteiramente casualizado com três repetições. Houve diferença entre os genótipos estudados para as variáveis biométricas, massa de matéria seca, acúmulo de N e aminoácidos livres totais na parte aérea das plantas. Na raiz, a atividade da redutase do nitrato foi a variável que diferenciou a eficiência no uso do nitrogênio entre os genótipos. O genótipo AS1596 é mais eficiente no uso do nitrogênio

A TRABALHABILIDADE EM ÉPOCA DE PANDEMIA: SEUS FATORES E AS IMPLICAÇÕES DA COVID-19 NO TRABALHO

Os temas trabalhabilidade e empregabilidade têm evoluído bastante nos últimos anos, modificando o papel das pessoas na busca por suas carreiras profissionais. Dessa forma, tanto jovens quanto adultos precisam repensar como superar as deficiências advindas das transformações do mundo contemporâneo que requerem uma mutação constante do que são consideradas competências profissionais. O objetivo deste estudo é compreender a relação entre fatores da trabalhabilidade e implicações da COVID-19 no trabalho. A pesquisa é classificada como exploratória e o método aplicado é considerado como levantamento tipo survey. Utiliza a amostragem não-probabilística intencional, tendo como instrumento de pesquisa o questionário. O questionário foi aplicado em uma amostra de 87 respondentes no segundo semestre de 2020 em uma agência de trabalho do sistema nacional de emprego. O processamento e a análise de dados foram realizados em duas etapas: análise descritiva e exploratória. A trabalhabilidade é um conceito pouco explorado, mas de grande relevância para a disseminação do conhecimento a respeito de técnicas de diversificação do potencial do trabalho humano. Foi observado que a amostra consegue perceber a importância do desenvolvimento de suas habilidades pessoais e que adaptações são necessárias. Todavia, atingir as bases da empregabilidade é o primeiro passo para a construção do desenvolvimento da trabalhabilidade, e neste momento de pandemia, fatores como: admissões, demissões, desemprego, condições de trabalho e fatores que prejudicam a execução do trabalho implicaram diretamente no estabelecimento dos fatores de trabalhabilidade

Exploring the role of immune pathways in the risk and development of depression in adolescence : research protocol of the IDEA-FLAME study

Extensive research suggests a role for the innate immune system in the pathogenesis of depression, but most of the studies are conducted in adult populations, in high-income countries and mainly focus on the study of inflammatory proteins alone, which provides only a limited understanding of the immune pathways involved in the development of depression. The IDEA-FLAME study aims to identify immune phenotypes underlying increased risk of developing depression in adolescence in a middle-income country. To this end, we will perform deep-immunophenotyping of peripheral blood mononuclear cells and RNA genome-wide gene expression analyses in a longitudinal cohort of Brazilian adolescents stratified for depression risk. The project will involve the 3-year follow-up of an already recruited cohort of 150 Brazilian adolescents selected for risk/presence of depression on the basis of a composite risk score we developed using sociodemographic characteristics (50 adolescents with low-risk and 50 with high-risk of developing depression, and 50 adolescents with a current major depressive disorder). We will 1) test whether the risk group classification at baseline is associated with differences in immune cell frequency, phenotype and functional status, 2) test whether baseline immune markers (cytokines and immune cell markers) are associated with severity of depression at 3-year follow-up, and 3) identify changes in gene expression of immune pathways over the 3-year follow-up in adolescents with increased risk and presence of depression. Because of the exploratory nature of the study, the findings would need to be replicated in a separate and larger sample. Ultimately, this research will contribute to elucidating key immune therapeutic targets and inform the development of interventions to prevent onset of depression among adolescents

Avaliação do Teor de Vitamina C em Morangos de diferentes Cultivares em Sistemas de Cultivo Distintos no Município de Bom Princípio/R

http://dx.doi.org/10.5902/2179460X16810The strawberry is a pseudo much appreciated for its taste, aroma and nutritional properties, containing important source of vitamin C. This vitamin is essential for human health, and its consumption is associated with reduced risk of several diseases. This article aims to assess the vitamin C content in strawberries, analyzing the influence of the Festival and San Andreas cultivars in conventional and organic farming systems, substrate, in Bom Pricípio, Rio Grande do Sul. The vitamin C content was assessed by high performance liquid chromatography in comparison to a standard curve. Vitamin C content found in the Festival and San Andreas cultivars were higher than in the conventional system with respect to the organic system, i.e., 34.85 and 69.31 mg/100 g at step 100 16.62 and 42.19 mg/100 g, respectively.O morango é um pseudofruto muito apreciado pelo seu sabor, aroma e propriedades nutricionais, contendo importante fonte de vitamina C. Tal vitamina é fundamental para a saúde humana, sendo que seu consumo está associado à redução do risco de diversas doenças. O presente artigo visa avaliar o teor da vitamina C em morangos, analisando a influência dos cultivares Festival e San Andras nos sistemas de cultivo convencional e orgânico, em sustrato, no município de Bom Princípio, Rio Grande do Sul. O teor de vitamina C foi avaliado através de cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência em comparação a uma curva padrão. Os teores de vitamina C encontrados nos cultivares Festival e San Andreas foram superiores no sistema convencional em relação ao sistema orgânico, isto é, 34,85 e 69,31 mg/100 g ao passo de 16,62 e 42,19 mg/100 g, respectivamente